From 1535 To 1568
Bosch's fiery hell scenes were enormously popular throughout Europe in the sixteenth century.
A vast, desolate landscape with a burning city at the right and the river Styx at the left is the setting for this nightmarish vision, in which Christ breaks down the gates of hell to rescue the souls of the just.
Gesturing in supplication towards him, Adam and Eve kneel on top of a ruinous tower.
Behind them, Old Testament figures climb the winding stairs from the depths of hell, among them Abraham and Isaac with the sacrificial ram, and Noah with a model of the ark
The Flagellation; (reverse) The Madonna of Mercy
Romanino painted this expressive depiction of the flagellation of Christ as a processional banner for a confraternity, or lay religious group, in Brescia, a city not far from Milan.
Contemporary German prints, which circulated widely in northern Italy, inspired its dramatically compressed composition and the vehemence of the brutish executioners.
Caravaggio, the groundbreaking artist of the next generation, spent his formative years in the region and almost certainly knew and admired this painting.
The Lamentation
Luis de Morales was celebrated for his devotional images.
Their exquisite facture and morbid sensibility made them perfect vehicles for meditation and earned him the epithet "El Divino."
He was the favorite painter of the religious reformer and saint Juan de Ribera (1532 - 1611).
As one prominent scholar has noted:"No Spanish painter was ever to surpass Morales in expressing the passionate, personal faith of the mystical writers."
This extremely fine picture was owned by Pope Pius VII and passed to his family upon his death in 1823.